Essay on History of African Americans in America 1865-1960’s

History of African Americans in America 1865-1960’s Georgia Root HIS204: American History since 1865 Mark D. Bowles March 18, 2013 History of African Americans in America 1865-1960’s African Americans in America in history have gone through many hard times trying to just progress out of slavery and obtain freedom and have equal rights. In this paper I will attempt to explain what some of the important events of the time revealed about the role of African Americans in broader American society in, respectively, the 1920s and the late 1960s. I will explain how and why the roles of African Americans in the 1920s differed from their roles in the late 1960s, and explain how events in the 1920s may have contributed to†¦show more content†¦The Passing of the 15th amendment in 1868 did give black men the right to vote. They were able to vote but were not permitted because they were blocked at the poles with threats of violence and death. The violence and intimidation of the Ku Klux Klan had a lot to do with the blocking of the blacks at the voting polls. The Ku Klux Klan was a politically and racially motivated group that discouraged and frustrated attempts at racial equality (Bowles 2011). They were against all equality for anyone who supported a Union or was black. They were in control of the Southern states and they ran amuck abusing and murdering anyone they felt would threaten their way of life and the local and state governments sat back and supported their efforts to keep the blacks enslaved at all costs. In and article written by the Harper’s Weekly paper about the atrocities in the South it stated that, â€Å"If our political system really be one which forbids he government to protect its own citizens when voting for its officers,and which requires he country to look on passively while mobs controlling various State authorities harry those voters, it will certainly be necessary to reconsider some of our raptures over the infinite superiority of the American to all other possible systems of government† (H arper’s Weekly, April 1, 1871, p 282). The newspapers covered many of the social and political problems of the South because it was the best communication to theShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Cultural and Historical Situations on American Literature 1173 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Brattoli †American literature is almost always tied to historical and social events of the era in which it was written.† There is a connection between literary works from different time periods. 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It came as a result of slavery which began in 1619 when African slaves were brought to Jamestown, Virginia, which was an American colony in the North, to help in producing crops such as tobacco. Slavery was then a common practice in all American colonies through the 17th and 18th centuries, where African slaves helped in building the economic foundations of the now American nation. 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Self-Designed Fictitious Study Utilizes Statistical Methodologies

Question: Describe about participants in a Leadership Training Program Rated as Better Managers Compared to Those Who do Not? Answer: Leadership training program is actually a major professional training which actually helps individuals to grow the leadership qualities to actually perform on a dignified position with adequate supervision to guide the employees to their dedicated work. But, there is always a question that basically arise that is are the participants in a leadership training program rated as better mangers compared to those who do not. In fact it is a serious and an important aspect that needs major research. It has been prolifically noticed that the there is a vast difference between leaders and management. In every aspect both are different from each other. But managers those who dont take part in the leadership training program are they not so efficient to those who take part. This study actually states the basic needs and wants of comparing the better managers (Burns, 1978). The article clearly explains every single details about the how leadership training actually differentiate the managers tho se who have not taken the training program. Experience also plays a key role making managers a prolific leader who can actually take the leaders role to boost the employees motivation and morale and help them to dedicate them towards their work. So, the module clearly states each and every pros and cons that is needed in the managerial sector and will potentially clear out the major doubts on better managers. It actually cooperates and significantly executes major roles and procedures of how without the help of leadership training program better managers are also made by experience. Experience is one major factor that increases the potential of an individual rather than training procedures and the potential of being a leader cum manager without the training program is stated in this module. Hypothesis A Hypothesis is a research made on a given topic. It is of different nature based on the requirement of the research conducted by the researcher. It can be of descriptive in nature or may be of quantitative in nature. In other words it is said to have an analysis done on a given topic. Here in this report a hypothesis is done on a given topic of Participants in a leadership training program rated better managers from those who do not participates in the leadership. For completing this hypothesis several studies were made and questionnaires were prepared to collect data regarding the given topic. A fictitious data set is prepared that shows how fifty employees of several organizations were interview and several different results were formulated from the employees (Flynn Stack, 2006). The employees interviewed were of several positions in the organizations ranging from employee level to management level. For conducting this hypothesis a fictional topic was chosen that raised several q uestions regarding the usefulness of the leadership training program for the managers to be expert in their field and compete people of the same rank in performing a better duty. The entire report is discussed in a descriptive manner and a statistical analysis is done in the section later on. Problem questions The study or report deals with the main question that how the leadership training program is helpful for the students to become efficient managers (Tracy, 2014). The entire study in the report deals with the questionnaires presented to the employee and managers of few organizations. The main questions that are discussed in this report are as follows: How often are the training members chosen as a manager? Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? Personal skill development Scheme Is the Study useful? How this study is useful for the students? Is Leadership training program helpful? Effect of leadership program on the managers. Effect of Leadership program on the company. Methodology Research Design Research design is the blue print of the report that is made on a research study. It is a method of representing the research in a report manner. Different methods of research are done. Some of them are descriptive research, explanatory and exploratory research. In this report the descriptive method is use to represent the report because it requires a huge base of knowledge to complete this research work (Giuliani Kurson, 2002). The report represents how the data are collected and how it is used to complete the analysis as required completing the hypothesis. Data collection and sampling Data collection is one of the most important methods of a hypothesis. It increases the knowledge base of the research to complete the required work. In this method the secondary data collection technique is used to collect data to increase the knowledge base (Safire Safir, 1990). The data set prepared for completing the research is fictitious in nature but deals with a real worlds issue. For completing the research several questions were prepared based on the given topic and fifty cases were taken in consideration as samples for creating variables to complete the analysis. Data Analysis Data analysis is the most complicated task for any researcher. It is the most difficult part of any research. In completing this study the variables from the data set are used to complete the statistical analysis to get the outcome of the research on the given topic (Krueger, 2004). For conducting the statistical analysis SPSS software is used were the variables are represented in tables and the statistical analysis is done with the help of the data set. Here, in this report the correlation between the variables are found and the results are represented in tabular form and with the help of graphs. Research limitation Every research work has certain limitation. A researcher needs to follow the guidelines that are related to the research work. The most important limitation of a research work is the time constraint for completing the work. The time must be kept in mind while conducting a research study. Data Analysis Data analysis is the most important part of any study done on a particular topic. It is important make the analysis as per the requirement to get correct result for the variables collected from the data set. For completing the analysis in this report SPSS software is used and the data are manipulated from the data set to complete the analysis. The analysis done on the data set is given below: Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Age 50 1 4 2.24 .938 Sex 50 1 2 1.28 .454 Salary 50 2 4 2.90 .839 Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program 50 1 5 2.38 1.086 Is Leadership training program helpful? 50 1 5 2.68 1.096 Effect of leadership program on the managers 50 1 5 2.74 .922 Effect of Leadership program on the company 50 1 5 2.60 .969 Effect of leadership program on the industry 50 1 5 2.72 1.031 How this study is useful for the students 50 1 5 2.88 1.118 Effects on the employees 50 1 5 2.26 1.084 Are the Subject useful? 50 1 4 2.32 .891 Help in communication 50 1 4 2.44 .907 Personal skill development Scheme 50 1 5 2.76 1.041 Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? 50 1 5 2.46 1.164 How often are the training members choosen as a manager? 50 1 5 2.62 1.048 Valid N (listwise) 50 Crosstabs Age * Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program Crosstab Count Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program Total Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Age 20-30 3 3 5 4 0 15 30-40 2 6 1 1 0 10 40-50 6 8 6 2 1 23 50-60 1 0 0 1 0 2 Total 12 17 12 8 1 50 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 10.869a 12 .540 Likelihood Ratio 11.716 12 .469 Linear-by-Linear Association .608 1 .436 N of Valid Cases 50 a. 16 cells (80.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .04. Symmetric Measures Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig. Interval by Interval Pearson's R -.111 .153 -.777 .441c Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -.121 .152 -.848 .401c N of Valid Cases 50 a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c. Based on normal approximation. Age * Is Leadership training program helpful? Crosstab Count Is Leadership training program helpful? Total Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Age 20-30 2 4 4 4 1 15 30-40 2 3 4 1 0 10 40-50 3 9 8 2 1 23 50-60 0 0 0 1 1 2 Total 7 16 16 8 3 50 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 13.410a 12 .340 Likelihood Ratio 11.036 12 .526 Linear-by-Linear Association .014 1 .907 N of Valid Cases 50 a. 18 cells (90.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .12. Symmetric Measures Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig. Interval by Interval Pearson's R .017 .161 .116 .909c Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -.003 .156 -.021 .983c N of Valid Cases 50 a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c. Based on normal approximation. Age * Effect of leadership program on the managers Crosstab Count Effect of leadership program on the managers Total Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Age 20-30 1 6 5 2 1 15 30-40 1 3 3 3 0 10 40-50 0 12 9 2 0 23 50-60 0 0 0 1 1 2 Total 2 21 17 8 2 50 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 20.508a 12 .058 Likelihood Ratio 15.992 12 .192 Linear-by-Linear Association .266 1 .606 N of Valid Cases 50 a. 16 cells (80.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .08. Symmetric Measures Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig. Interval by Interval Pearson's R .074 .164 .512 .611c Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .046 .152 .320 .750c N of Valid Cases 50 a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c. Based on normal approximation. Age * Effect of Leadership program on the company Crosstab Count Effect of Leadership program on the company Total Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Age 20-30 6 5 4 0 0 15 30-40 0 1 7 1 1 10 40-50 0 11 7 4 1 23 50-60 0 0 2 0 0 2 Total 6 17 20 5 2 50 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 27.455a 12 .007 Likelihood Ratio 30.165 12 .003 Linear-by-Linear Association 6.972 1 .008 N of Valid Cases 50 a. 16 cells (80.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .08. Symmetric Measures Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig. Interval by Interval Pearson's R .377 .106 2.822 .007c Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .342 .127 2.522 .015c N of Valid Cases 50 a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c. Based on normal approximation. Salary * Personal skill development Scheme Crosstab Count Personal skill development Scheme Total Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Salary 10000-20000 2 2 8 7 1 20 20000-30000 3 7 4 1 0 15 30000-40000 2 3 6 4 0 15 Total 7 12 18 12 1 50 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 10.513a 8 .231 Likelihood Ratio 11.258 8 .188 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.386 1 .239 N of Valid Cases 50 a. 12 cells (80.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .30. Symmetric Measures Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig. Interval by Interval Pearson's R -.168 .138 -1.182 .243c Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -.183 .143 -1.287 .204c N of Valid Cases 50 a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c. Based on normal approximation. Regression Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .393a .155 -.120 .480 a. Predictors: (Constant), How often are the training members chosen as a manager?, Effect of leadership program on the managers, Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program, Effect of Leadership program on the company, Help in communication, Are the Subject useful?, How this study is useful for the students, Is Leadership training program helpful?, Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers?, Effects on the employees, Effect of leadership program on the industry, Personal skill development Scheme. ANOVAa Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 1.559 12 .130 .564 .856b Residual 8.521 37 .230 Total 10.080 49 a. Dependent Variable: Sex b. Predictors: (Constant), How often are the training members choosen as a manager?, Effect of leadership program on the managers, Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program, Effect of Leadership program on the company, Help in communication, Are the Subject useful?, How this study is useful for the students, Is Leadership training program helpful?, Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers?, Effects on the employees, Effect of leadership program on the industry, Personal skill development Scheme Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 1.016 .722 1.406 .168 Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program -.040 .073 -.096 -.549 .586 Is Leadership training program helpful? .105 .068 .255 1.544 .131 Effect of leadership program on the managers .073 .084 .148 .870 .390 Effect of Leadership program on the company -.009 .073 -.020 -.128 .899 Effect of leadership program on the industry .010 .075 .022 .127 .900 How this study is useful for the students -.034 .067 -.084 -.512 .612 Effects on the employees .017 .074 .041 .232 .818 Is the Subject useful? -.046 .080 -.091 -.579 .566 Help in communication .010 .078 .020 .127 .899 Personal skill development Scheme -.070 .078 -.160 -.894 .377 Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? .044 .065 .112 .670 .507 How often are the training members choosen as a manager? .040 .068 .092 .588 .560 a. Dependent Variable: Sex T-Test One-Sample Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Age 50 2.24 .938 .133 Sex 50 1.28 .454 .064 Salary 50 2.90 .839 .119 Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program 50 2.38 1.086 .154 Is Leadership training program helpful? 50 2.68 1.096 .155 Effect of leadership program on the managers 50 2.74 .922 .130 Effect of Leadership program on the company 50 2.60 .969 .137 Effect of leadership program on the industry 50 2.72 1.031 .146 How this study is useful for the students 50 2.88 1.118 .158 Effects on the employees 50 2.26 1.084 .153 Are the Subject useful? 50 2.32 .891 .126 Help in communication 50 2.44 .907 .128 Personal skill development Scheme 50 2.76 1.041 .147 Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? 50 2.46 1.164 .165 How often are the training members choosen as a manager? 50 2.62 1.048 .148 One-Sample Test Test Value = 0 t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Age 16.885 49 .000 2.240 1.97 Sex 19.956 49 .000 1.280 1.15 Salary 24.438 49 .000 2.900 2.66 Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program 15.498 49 .000 2.380 2.07 Is Leadership training program helpful? 17.288 49 .000 2.680 2.37 Effect of leadership program on the managers 21.022 49 .000 2.740 2.48 Effect of Leadership program on the company 18.975 49 .000 2.600 2.32 Effect of leadership program on the industry 18.656 49 .000 2.720 2.43 How this study is useful for the students 18.210 49 .000 2.880 2.56 Effects on the employees 14.737 49 .000 2.260 1.95 Are the Subject useful? 18.417 49 .000 2.320 2.07 Help in communication 19.020 49 .000 2.440 2.18 Personal skill development Scheme 18.744 49 .000 2.760 2.46 Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? 14.941 49 .000 2.460 2.13 How often are the training members chosen as a manager? 17.684 49 .000 2.620 2.32 One-way ANOVA Sig. Age Between Groups .120 Within Groups Total Salary Between Groups .824 Within Groups Total Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program Between Groups .214 Within Groups Total Is Leadership training program helpful? Between Groups .062 Within Groups Total Effect of leadership program on the managers Between Groups .829 Within Groups Total Effect of Leadership program on the company Between Groups .898 Within Groups Total Effect of leadership program on the industry Between Groups .378 Within Groups Total How this study is useful for the students Between Groups .355 Within Groups Total Effects on the employees Between Groups .918 Within Groups Total Are the Subject useful? Between Groups .606 Within Groups Total Help in communication Between Groups .774 Within Groups ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Help in communication Total 40.320 49 Personal skill development Scheme Between Groups .691 1 .691 .633 Within Groups 52.429 48 1.092 Total 53.120 49 Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? Between Groups .650 1 .650 .474 Within Groups 65.770 48 1.370 Total 66.420 49 How often are the training members choosen as a manager? Between Groups 1.093 1 1.093 .996 Within Groups 52.687 48 1.098 Total 53.780 49 ANOVA Sig. Help in communication Total Personal skill development Scheme Between Groups .430 Within Groups Total Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? Between Groups .494 Within Groups Total How often are the training members chosen as a manager? Between Groups .323 Within Groups Total Discussion Here in this report data analysis is done on the variables manipulated from the fictitious data set that helps to complete the statistical analysis on the given topic. All data and reports are presented in tabular form to make it easier to understand for the readers. Graphical representation of the data and results are also provided along with the results to make it understandable and interesting for the audience. Here in the analysis section the dependent variables are compared with the independent variables to find the correlation among the variables. The mean, standard deviation, regression analysis is done with the help of the variables and the results are represented in the analysis section. It can be seen that how the T-test have been conducted with the variables and an ANOVA analysis is also done in the above section. The above section deals with the statistical analysis of the data manipulated from the fictitious data set. It shows how the data are interrelated with each othe r and how they are different from each other to solve the problem arises in the questionnaires. All types of required statistical analysis is been done in the report to meet the requirement of the given topic. Conclusion The module clearly states about the does and dont that are basically need to be prolific manager at an executive or administrative level. Training is always not important in acquiring to be the best manager in any level. If we see on a wider basis we can easily conclude that rather than training experience also plays a key and significant role in becoming a major and well established manager to carry out or to carry forward the tasks that are incorporated in an organization. Basically managers are good leaders. Managers play a key role in establishing the firms orientation along with its main motive, aim and objectives. These prolific features can only be identified and taken into consideration when an individual as a manager has wide perspective of thinking to grow (Lawriwsky, 1984). The tactics, strategies, implementation of plan are all leadership qualities that actually a good manager persists which actually help them to execute major projects, works on wider basis thinking about the growth of the organization. Leadership tactics are essential in every sector. The leadership role must be well performed to bring out the major necessities from an employee making the employee motivated to keep its focus and dedication towards the work. A manager can easily acquire the leadership quality by gaining experience from different fields and sector. A manager can easily be a leader by prolifically boosting up the employees morale and motivate them and help them in their major works to help them to achieve the goal along with the organizational objectives and specific goals. Leadership and management are quite different from each other in the organizational structures to execute great plans and objectives. But it is not necessary for a manager to take any professional or any prolific training to become a dignified leader. Sometimes even experience also matters and counts which actually makes individuals better manager cum leaders without a leadership training program. References Burns, J. (1978).Leadership. New York: Harper Row. Flynn, J., Stack, M. (2006).The role of the preceptor. New York: Springer Pub. Giuliani, R., Kurson, K. (2002).Leadership. New York: Hyperion. Krueger, G. (2004).Enterprise restructuring and the role of managers in Russia. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. Lawriwsky, M. (1984).Corporate structure performance. London: Croom Helm. Safire, W., Safir, L. (1990).Leadership. New York: Simon and Schuster. Tracy, B. (2014).Leadership. New York: American Management Association. Appendices Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Age 50 1 4 2.24 .938 Sex 50 1 2 1.28 .454 Salary 50 2 4 2.90 .839 Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program 50 1 5 2.38 1.086 Is Leadership training program helpful? 50 1 5 2.68 1.096 Effect of leadership program on the managers 50 1 5 2.74 .922 Effect of Leadership program on the company 50 1 5 2.60 .969 Effect of leadership program on the industry 50 1 5 2.72 1.031 How this study is useful for the students 50 1 5 2.88 1.118 Effects on the employees 50 1 5 2.26 1.084 Are the Subject useful? 50 1 4 2.32 .891 Help in communication 50 1 4 2.44 .907 Personal skill development Scheme 50 1 5 2.76 1.041 Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? 50 1 5 2.46 1.164 How often are the training members choosen as a manager? 50 1 5 2.62 1.048 Valid N (listwise) 50 Crosstabs Age * Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program Crosstab Count Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program Total Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Age 20-30 3 3 5 4 0 15 30-40 2 6 1 1 0 10 40-50 6 8 6 2 1 23 50-60 1 0 0 1 0 2 Total 12 17 12 8 1 50 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 10.869a 12 .540 Likelihood Ratio 11.716 12 .469 Linear-by-Linear Association .608 1 .436 N of Valid Cases 50 Symmetric Measures Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig. Interval by Interval Pearson's R -.111 .153 -.777 .441c Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -.121 .152 -.848 .401c N of Valid Cases 50 Age * Is Leadership training program helpful? Crosstab Count Is Leadership training program helpful? Total Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Age 20-30 2 4 4 4 1 15 30-40 2 3 4 1 0 10 40-50 3 9 8 2 1 23 50-60 0 0 0 1 1 2 Total 7 16 16 8 3 50 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 13.410a 12 .340 Likelihood Ratio 11.036 12 .526 Linear-by-Linear Association .014 1 .907 N of Valid Cases 50 Symmetric Measures Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig. Interval by Interval Pearson's R .017 .161 .116 .909c Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -.003 .156 -.021 .983c N of Valid Cases 50 Age * Effect of leadership program on the managers Crosstab Count Effect of leadership program on the managers Total Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Age 20-30 1 6 5 2 1 15 30-40 1 3 3 3 0 10 40-50 0 12 9 2 0 23 50-60 0 0 0 1 1 2 Total 2 21 17 8 2 50 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 20.508a 12 .058 Likelihood Ratio 15.992 12 .192 Linear-by-Linear Association .266 1 .606 N of Valid Cases 50 Symmetric Measures Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig. Interval by Interval Pearson's R .074 .164 .512 .611c Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .046 .152 .320 .750c N of Valid Cases 50 Age * Effect of Leadership program on the company Crosstab Count Effect of Leadership program on the company Total Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Age 20-30 6 5 4 0 0 15 30-40 0 1 7 1 1 10 40-50 0 11 7 4 1 23 50-60 0 0 2 0 0 2 Total 6 17 20 5 2 50 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 27.455a 12 .007 Likelihood Ratio 30.165 12 .003 Linear-by-Linear Association 6.972 1 .008 N of Valid Cases 50 Symmetric Measures Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig. Interval by Interval Pearson's R .377 .106 2.822 .007c Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .342 .127 2.522 .015c N of Valid Cases 50 Age * Effect of leadership program on the industry Crosstab Count Effect of leadership program on the industry Total Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Age 20-30 0 6 5 2 2 15 30-40 0 5 2 1 2 10 Salary * Personal skill development Scheme Crosstab Count Personal skill development Scheme Total Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Salary 10000-20000 2 2 8 7 1 20 20000-30000 3 7 4 1 0 15 30000-40000 2 3 6 4 0 15 Total 7 12 18 12 1 50 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 10.513a 8 .231 Likelihood Ratio 11.258 8 .188 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.386 1 .239 N of Valid Cases 50 Symmetric Measures Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig. Interval by Interval Pearson's R -.168 .138 -1.182 .243c Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -.183 .143 -1.287 .204c N of Valid Cases 50 Salary * Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? Crosstab Count Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? Total Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Salary 10000-20000 3 12 3 0 2 20 20000-30000 4 2 4 3 2 15 30000-40000 3 6 4 2 0 15 Total 10 20 11 5 4 50 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 11.492a 8 .175 Likelihood Ratio 14.938 8 .060 Linear-by-Linear Association .036 1 .849 N of Valid Cases 50 Symmetric Measures Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig. Interval by Interval Pearson's R .027 .125 .188 .851c Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .062 .131 .429 .670c N of Valid Cases 50 Regression Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .393a .155 -.120 .480 ANOVAa Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 1.559 12 .130 .564 .856b Residual 8.521 37 .230 Total 10.080 49 Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 1.016 .722 1.406 .168 Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program -.040 .073 -.096 -.549 .586 Is Leadership training program helpful? .105 .068 .255 1.544 .131 Effect of leadership program on the managers .073 .084 .148 .870 .390 Effect of Leadership program on the company -.009 .073 -.020 -.128 .899 Effect of leadership program on the industry .010 .075 .022 .127 .900 How this study is useful for the students -.034 .067 -.084 -.512 .612 Effects on the employees .017 .074 .041 .232 .818 Are the Subject useful? -.046 .080 -.091 -.579 .566 Help in communication .010 .078 .020 .127 .899 Personal skill development Scheme -.070 .078 -.160 -.894 .377 Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? .044 .065 .112 .670 .507 How often are the training members choosen as a manager? .040 .068 .092 .588 .560 T-Test One-Sample Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Age 50 2.24 .938 .133 Sex 50 1.28 .454 .064 Salary 50 2.90 .839 .119 Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program 50 2.38 1.086 .154 Is Leadership training program helpful? 50 2.68 1.096 .155 Effect of leadership program on the managers 50 2.74 .922 .130 Effect of Leadership program on the company 50 2.60 .969 .137 Effect of leadership program on the industry 50 2.72 1.031 .146 How this study is useful for the students 50 2.88 1.118 .158 Effects on the employees 50 2.26 1.084 .153 Are the Subject useful? 50 2.32 .891 .126 Help in communication 50 2.44 .907 .128 Personal skill development Scheme 50 2.76 1.041 .147 Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? 50 2.46 1.164 .165 How often are the training members choosen as a manager? 50 2.62 1.048 .148 One-Sample Test Test Value = 0 t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Age 16.885 49 .000 2.240 1.97 Sex 19.956 49 .000 1.280 1.15 Salary 24.438 49 .000 2.900 2.66 Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program 15.498 49 .000 2.380 2.07 Is Leadership training program helpful? 17.288 49 .000 2.680 2.37 Effect of leadership program on the managers 21.022 49 .000 2.740 2.48 Effect of Leadership program on the company 18.975 49 .000 2.600 2.32 Effect of leadership program on the industry 18.656 49 .000 2.720 2.43 How this study is useful for the students 18.210 49 .000 2.880 2.56 Effects on the employees 14.737 49 .000 2.260 1.95 Are the Subject useful? 18.417 49 .000 2.320 2.07 Help in communication 19.020 49 .000 2.440 2.18 Personal skill development Scheme 18.744 49 .000 2.760 2.46 Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? 14.941 49 .000 2.460 2.13 How often are the training members choosen as a manager? 17.684 49 .000 2.620 2.32 One-Sample Test Test Value = 0 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Upper Age 2.51 Sex 1.41 Salary 3.14 Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program 2.69 Is Leadership training program helpful? 2.99 Effect of leadership program on the managers 3.00 Effect of Leadership program on the company 2.88 Effect of leadership program on the industry 3.01 How this study is useful for the students 3.20 Effects on the employees 2.57 Are the Subject useful? 2.57 Help in communication 2.70 Personal skill development Scheme 3.06 Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? 2.79 How often are the training members choosen as a manager? 2.92 One-way ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Age Between Groups 2.136 1 2.136 2.502 Within Groups 40.984 48 .854 Total 43.120 49 Salary Between Groups .036 1 .036 .050 Within Groups 34.464 48 .718 Total 34.500 49 Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program Between Groups 1.851 1 1.851 1.589 Within Groups 55.929 48 1.165 Total 57.780 49 Is Leadership training program helpful? Between Groups 4.166 1 4.166 3.655 Within Groups 54.714 48 1.140 Total 58.880 49 Effect of leadership program on the managers Between Groups .041 1 .041 .047 Within Groups 41.579 48 .866 Total 41.620 49 Effect of Leadership program on the company Between Groups .016 1 .016 .017 Within Groups 45.984 48 .958 Total 46.000 49 Effect of leadership program on the industry Between Groups .846 1 .846 .792 Within Groups 51.234 48 1.067 Total 52.080 49 How this study is useful for the students Between Groups 1.093 1 1.093 .872 Within Groups 60.187 48 1.254 Total 61.280 49 Effects on the employees Between Groups .013 1 .013 .011 Within Groups 57.607 48 1.200 Total 57.620 49 Are the Subject useful? Between Groups .217 1 .217 .270 Within Groups 38.663 48 .805 Total 38.880 49 Help in communication Between Groups .070 1 .070 .083 Within Groups 40.250 48 .839 ANOVA Sig. Age Between Groups .120 Within Groups Total Salary Between Groups .824 Within Groups Total Are they were member of the Leadership Training Program Between Groups .214 Within Groups Total Is Leadership training program helpful? Between Groups .062 Within Groups Total Effect of leadership program on the managers Between Groups .829 Within Groups Total Effect of Leadership program on the company Between Groups .898 Within Groups Total Effect of leadership program on the industry Between Groups .378 Within Groups Total How this study is useful for the students Between Groups .355 Within Groups Total Effects on the employees Between Groups .918 Within Groups Total Are the Subject useful? Between Groups .606 Within Groups Total Help in communication Between Groups .774 Within Groups ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Help in communication Total 40.320 49 Personal skill development Scheme Between Groups .691 1 .691 .633 Within Groups 52.429 48 1.092 Total 53.120 49 Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? Between Groups .650 1 .650 .474 Within Groups 65.770 48 1.370 Total 66.420 49 How often are the training members choosen as a manager? Between Groups 1.093 1 1.093 .996 Within Groups 52.687 48 1.098 Total 53.780 49 ANOVA Sig. Help in communication Total Personal skill development Scheme Between Groups .430 Within Groups Total Are Participants of leadership programs better Mangers? Between Groups .494 Within Groups Total How often are the training members chosen as a manager? Between Groups .323 Within Groups Total

Volleyball Essay Summary Example For Students

Volleyball Essay Summary The sport of volleyball originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports. Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week. In 1895, William G. Morgan an instructor at the Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average mans head. During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps volleyball would be a more descriptive name for the sport. On July 7, 1900 at Springfield College the first game of volleyball was played. In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport. Volleyball can be played indoors and outdoors. It was adopted as an indoor Olympic sport in 1964 at Tokyo. In 1984 the United States men and women won their first Olympic Volleyball medals. In 1996, two-person beach volleyball was approved as an Olympic Sport. Todays NCAA Volleyball is more popular and exciting than ever. Some top collegian programs include Long Beach State, Penn State, BYU, UCLA, Hawaii and Stanford. We will write a custom essay on Volleyball Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Some of the best players ever to play the sport include Karch Kiraly, Gabrielle Reese, Sinjin Smith, Misty May and Ryan Millar. Today the game of volleyball requires team strategies and highly refined individual skills. Outdoor volleyball, which is played with two or four people for each side, is becoming more and more popular across the nationA typical volleyball game lasts about 25 minutes. It is a team sport played by two teams consisting of six people on a playing court divided by a net. The object of the game is for each team to send the ball regularly over a net in order to ground it on the opponents side, and to prevent the opponents from doing the same. The ball is put into play by the right back row player who serves the ball into their opponents court. The rally continues until the ball is grounded on the playing court, goes out or a team fails to return it properly. Only the team, which is serving, can score a point. The players are split into back and front row; the playe rs in the front are usually the key hitters and the ones who will get the ball passes/set to. The players in the back row normally concentrate on defense and passing the ball to the setter who is the main person in the offensive attack. A team wins a game by scoring 15 points with a two-point advantage; and the match by winning the best three of five games. In a deciding, fifth game, which is called a rally game, a point is scored no matter which team is serving. A team earns a point when serving and when they side-out. A team is allowed to hit the ball three times (not counting a block contact) to return it to the opponents court. A player may not catch, lift, scoop, or throw the ball. They also may not hit the ball twice consecutively when attempting a pass or block. In a regular volleyball game, only the serving team may score a point. A player may serve anywhere behind the backline, but between the courts boundary/side lines. A point is scored if the serving team wins the rally. If the serving team does not win the rally then it is a side-out to the other team. When the receiving team wins a rally, it gains the right to serve, and its players rotate one position clockwise. For instance, the player in the right back move to middle back, the player in left back moves to left front. Rotation ensures that players play both the front row

Computers in Our Life essays

Computers in Our Life essays Computers are the future whether we like it or not. Some people dislike computers, because of the complications it takes to understand the basics. Computers are not exactly the easiest tools to work with, but they are the most rewarding, and they are the future. Future cars will all be run by computer. You will be able to talk to a car and it will take you to your destination. Telephones are technically computerized. You will soon be able to talk to a person on the telephone as well as look at the person you are talking to on a television set. Also television is computerized. Soon we will have true three dimensional television. We will be able to watch television like we never have watched it before. We will be able to touch the characters, and feel the characters like they were in the room with you. For people who don't know much about computers, you will be lost in the future. You should learn what you can while you still have the chance, because things will develop too quickly for you and you will not be able to cope with new technological events. Computers will fall into careers and our everyday life more rapidly then you think. Perhaps you would like to be a teacher. You will store all class data, students work, names, grades, records all accessible by computer. Or, how about a doctor. You will use computers to examine and evaluate a patients problem quicker and more efficiently. These are only a few examples. The bottom line is, computers provide worthwhile careers. Having a job that involves computers, in terms of the conditions, is very much similar to any office job. In most of the common jobs, the worker will get to an office in the morning, sit at a desk, in front of a computer, and will do very little manual labor except a lot of typing. For example, the computer consultant we have already mentioned, might do several jobs, a few being: Traveling to clients computers, writing customized programs, repairing ...

A Perspective on Why Abortion Isnt Murder

A Perspective on Why Abortion Isn't Murder The question of whether or not abortion is murder is one of the most contentious social and political issues of the day. Although the United States Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade legalized abortion in 1973, the morality of terminating a pregnancy has been debated in the U.S. since at least the mid-1800s. A Brief History of Abortion Although abortions were performed in colonial America, they were not considered illegal or immoral. Premarital sex, however, was outlawed, which may have contributed to abortion being considered taboo by some. As in Great Britain, a fetus was not considered to be a living being until quickening, usually 18 to 20 weeks, when the mother could feel her unborn child move. Attempts to criminalize abortion began in Britain in 1803, when the procedure was outlawed if the quickening had already occurred. Further restrictions were passed in 1837.  In the U.S., attitudes toward abortion began to shift after the Civil War. Led by physicians who saw the practice as a threat to their profession and people opposed to the emerging womens rights movement, anti-abortion laws were passed in a majority of states by the 1880s. The outlawing of abortion in the U.S. did not make the practice disappear, however. Far from it. By the middle of the 20th century, it is estimated that as many as 1.2 million abortions were performed annually in the U.S. Because the procedure remained illegal, however, many women were forced to seek out abortionists who worked in unsanitary conditions or had no medical training, leading to the unnecessary deaths of countless patients due to infection or hemorrhaging. As the feminist movement gained steam in the 1960s, the push to legalize abortion gained momentum. By 1972, four states had repealed their abortion restrictions and another 13 had loosened them. The following year, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 7 to 2 that women had a right to an abortion, although states could impose restrictions on the practice. Is Abortion Murder? Despite or perhaps because of the Supreme Court ruling, abortion continues to be a hotly debated issue today. Many states have imposed severe restrictions on the practice, and religious and conservative politicians often frame the issue as one of morality and preserving the sanctity of life. Murder, as it is typically defined, involves the intentional death of another human person. Even if one were to assume that every embryo or fetus is as sentient as a grown human being, the lack of intent would still be enough to classify abortion as something other than murder. A Hypothetical Argument Lets imagine a scenario in which two men go deer hunting. One man mistakes his friend for a deer, shoots him, and accidentally kills him. Its hard to imagine that any reasonable person would describe this as murder, even though we would all know for certain that a real, sentient human person was killed. Why? Because the shooter thought he was killing a deer, something other than a real, sentient human person. Now consider the example of abortion. If a woman and her physician think theyre killing a non-sentient organism, then they would not be committing murder. At most, they would be guilty of involuntary manslaughter. But even involuntary manslaughter involves criminal negligence, and it would be very hard to judge someone criminally negligent for not personally believing that a pre-viable embryo or fetus is a sentient human person when we dont actually know this to be the case. From the point of view of someone who believes that every fertilized egg is a sentient human person, abortion would be horrific, tragic, and lethal. But it would be no more murderous than any other kind of accidental death. Sources Ravitz, Jessica. The Surprising History of Abortion in the United States. CNN.com. 27 June 2016.  BBC staff. Historial Attitudes to Abortion. BBC.co.uk. 2014.Carmon, Irin. A Brief History of Abortion Law in America. BillMoyers.com. 14 November 2017.Gold, Rachel Benson. Lessons from before Roe: Will Past be Prologue? Guttmacher.org. 1 March 2003.

1 page for Leaflet about Bikesharing system already prodived your Assignment

1 page for Leaflet about Bikesharing system already prodived your examples - Assignment Example The message will be delivered to the market in different venues. This tends to aid in event awareness, on the healthy wise, the bikes are simple way of exercising they are propelled manually, this give a rider work out. This is advisable since its makes muscles flexible and burn out unwanted fats in the body. Our biking systems are so simple, easier and convenient way. They don’t disrupt pollution is either way neither through air nor land. This system is environmental friendly. It’s also requiring less skills and knowledge in its operation. This makes the user feel easier and smoother while using the system. It gives the free service on its users. Affordability is a major bit in this system. The prices are meant to suit different consumers financial capabilities. Its spare parts are also readily accessible, leading to easier and faster maintenance. Consumers are able to acquire the bikes at their best prices in the current market, enabling even lower and middle leveled class to enjoy the system. The bikes come with full package. Including, free registration numbers. These minimize bureaucracy involved in the process of registration, saving time and the extra costs occurred in the process. It gives riders free time to start enjoying its products on immediate basis. It enables the user to get full access of the holding documents, to provide full ownership of the bike. The authority will have the knowhow about the legal owner of the products, in case of

Irish Urban Regeneration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Irish Urban Regeneration - Essay Example 8). The evolution of the city saw and increase in urban expansion in the 20th Century, and the Irish economic boom led to an upsurge in the construction of private homes. Standardised housing was implemented in the 1960s, and these regulations included specifications for density, public space, services, etc. Ballymun's high rise towers were the result of experimentations at this time. However, "the classic pattern that has occurred again is that a development pattern has evolved of rapid creation of new residential communities without adequate infrastructure or facilities" (Williams and Shiels, 2001, p. 27). Previous plans to regenerate Dublin included the Integrated Area Plans (Kelly, 2005) and the Urban Renewal Act of 1986 (Suzanne, N. 2001) that came about as a result of the unwillingness of the private sector to enter many Dublin inner city neighbourhoods that had degenerated to dereliction. The government offered tax incentives to attract private business. This was successful in combating the decay of the Dublin cities, but those urban renewal schemes were only questionably effective in some cities. Because of the profit motive, architectural and design concerns were of little value to the investors. In addition, the economic benefits of the investment were mostly unavailable to the residents of those towns. This led to the newest Urban Regeneration Projects (2001). According to the Egan Review and other organisations, regeneration involves the search for long term restoration and renovation of neighbourhoods, improvement of transportation systems, and involves an outlook of encouraging social inclusion and economic stability. These objectives are to be realised concomitant with ones of sustainable use of natural resources, such as energy and water. These objectives have necessitated the support of sound local leadership as well as concurrence among local, regional, and national policies (Carley, et al., 2005). Brief History of Ballymun The Ballymun population stands at approximately 20,000 and 44.6% of these persons are unemployed. It has even been suggested by some authorities that the true unemployment figure might lie in or above the 60% mark. One third of the population is below the age of 14, and over a third of the households are run by a single parent, while the national average is 10%. The percentage of children who attain a school-leaving certificate is only 7% (Environmental Appraisal, p. 43). Before the Regeneration project, the city of Ballymun suffered from several structural, social, and economic problems. Many blocks of high-rise buildings were located in the city, and these were poorly constructed, having internal structural flaws as well as the disadvantage of being poor conservers of energy. This led to wide-scale removal by tenants, high levels of vacancies in apartment buildings, unemployment and drug problems. Voting turnout for local government elections has been as low as 15% (de Rossa, 1998). Social exclusion was also a significant problem in Ballymun that resulted from its spatially isolated location, as it was cut off because of poor links in transportation (Muir, 2003). Ballymun Regeneration Ltd. took up the challenge and with the help of other environmental agencies, constructed an energy and environmental strategy